Modulation of Neurotransmission by a Specified Oregano Extract Alters Brain Electrical Potentials Indicative of Antidepressant-Like and Neuroprotective Activities

M Hasan Mohajeri,Wilfried Dimpfel,Regina Goralczyk

doi:10.4236/nm.2012.31006

Abstract

Different behavioral states are characterized by distinct patterns of global brain activity. Therefore, the biological effects of herbal extracts on brain functions can be assessed by analyzing the local field potentials, the so-called electropharmacogram analysis. Inspired by our recent findings that a specified oregano extract (OE) exhibited a triple-reuptake activity in vitro, this extract was tested in model of Tele-Stereo-electroencephalogram (EEG) to elucidate how OE affects the electrical brain activity in freely moving rats. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was performed to compare the electric brain activity of four standardized brain regions with those produced by several reference compounds, representing a whole variety of clinical indications. Oral intake of OE produced fast and robust dose and time dependent EEG alterations consisting of significant changes of spectral power in comparison to controls. Strongest effects were seen with respect to alpha1, alpha2 and beta1 waves representing an activation of serotonergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively. Moreover, the discriminant analysis revealed that OE’s pattern of activity locates in close vicinity to antidepressant and neuroprotective compound. The presented data support the hypothesis suggesting the use of OE as a neuroprotective dietary supplement to promote mood, motivation and mental wellbeing.

Highlights

Coping with the psychosocial challenges of modern lifestyle may involve a stress response, which can serve an adaptive function to the situation
Inspired by our recent findings that a specified oregano extract (OE) exhibited a triple-reuptake activity in vitro, this extract was tested in model of Tele-Stereo-electroencephalogram (EEG) to elucidate how OE affects the electrical brain activity in freely moving rats
We show here that oral application of OE, a constituent of the Mediterranean diet leads to biological effects mainly originating from the transient activation of dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and provide the evidence that OE has neuroprotective and antidepressant-like moodimproving properties

Summary

Introduction

Coping with the psychosocial challenges of modern lifestyle may involve a stress response, which can serve an adaptive function to the situation. Nutritional compounds may be valuable to improve mood and motivation in humans without the risk of side effects [4]. They exert their cellular action by interacting with biochemically defined targets on the cell membranes modulating the functions of receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and transporters. The interaction of constituents of nutritional compounds with cell-surface recaptors, such as neurotransmitter receptors, induces a signaling cascade resulting in alteration of the conductance of involved ion channels in the central nervous system (CNS) [5,6]. The electrical changes recorded from brain areas reflect the net effect leading to the observed behavior

Methods

Results

Conclusion