Modulation of motor activity by cutaneous input: inhibition of the magnetic motor evoked potential by digital electrical stimulation

Abstract

We examined the inhibitory effect of a brief train of digital (D2) electrical stimuli at 4 times perception threshold on transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles ipsilateral to the side of D2 stimulation. We compared this to the inhibitory effect of ipsilateral D2 stimulation on averaged rectified EMG recorded at 10% maximum voluntary contraction and on F-responses and H-reflexes recorded from these same muscles. We also compared MEPs recorded following D2 stimulation just above perception threshold to MEPs following higher intensity D2 stimulation. As well, we assessed the effect of preceding D2 stimulation on MEPs recorded from a relaxed versus tonically contracted hand muscle. D2 stimulation elicited a triphasic response of modest MEP facilitation followed by inhibition and further facilitation. The duration and onset of MEP inhibition correlated with those of the initial period of rectified EMG inhibition, however, the magnitude of MEP inhibition was generally less than the magnitude of EMG inhibition, consistent with a greater inhibitory effect of digital afferents on smaller motor neurons. MEN were not facilitated during the rebound of EMG activity (the E2 period) that usually followed the initial period of EMG inhibition (I1 period). The behavior of H-reflexes and F-responses following ipsilateral D2 stimulation suggested that inhibition of both EMG and MEPs is not mediated via presynaptic inhibition of la afferents, and that inhibition is augmented by descending rather than segmental input to spinal motor neurons. Tonic contraction of the target muscle during D2 stimulation decreased the inhibitory effect of the preceding digital stimulus possibly due to recruitment of larger spinal motor neurons less likely to be inhibited by cutaneous input.