Modulation of Milk Fatty Acid Profile, Milk Yield and Composition through Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Transition Cow’s Diet

Abstract

Multiparous crossbred cows (Holstein Frisian * Tharparkar) (n = 16) were used to study the effect of omega-3 fatty acid (Flaxseed) supplementation on milk yield, milk composition and modulation of fatty acid profile of milk fat. The selected cows were randomly allotted to one of the 2 treatment groups, 8 cows each based on their parity, weight and their EPA (Expected producing ability), under Completely Randomized Design (CBD). Cows in control group were fed the routine NDRI ration, whereas the treatment group received 0.75 kg crushed flaxseed (Omega-3 fatty acid) per day per head over and above the routine feeding of the institute. Supplements were fed during transition period (3 weeks before expected calving and until 3 weeksafter parturition). Milk samples for milk composition and fatty acids analysis were collected at weekly interval starting second day of parturition. Milk composition was estimated using Lacto Scan milk analyzer. Milk yield was immediately recorded during milking using sensitive balance. Fat corrected milk, solid corrected milk and the energy density of milk were calculated as per their formulae. For milk fat acid profile analysis, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were separated and measured in packed glass column using gas chromatograph (NETEL Chromatograph, Michro-9100), equipped with flame ionization detector and temperature control modules. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures of SAS. Results indicated that treatment had significant effect on milk yield, peak milk yield, and milk protein concentration and milk fat profiles. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) in milk fat were significantly reduced, whereas poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly increased in omega-3 fatty acid (Flaxseed) supplemented groups. The most remarkable result was the highly significant increase of α-Lenolenic acid (C18:n3) (by 174.6%) in omega-3 fatty acid supplemented cows’ milk fat compared with control cows. Moreover, short chain fatty acids were depressed while long chain fatty acids were significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by inclusion of 6.5% crushed flaxseed in the ration of dairy cows. Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that inclusion of crushed flaxseed (Omega-3 fatty acid) in the ration of milking animals during transition period increase milk yield and modulate the fatty acid profile of milk fat which would ultimately improve the therapeutic properties of the milk for consumers.