Abstract
Salinity stress adversely affected the rice growth, productivity and yield from last few decades. Here, in this study the ameliorative role of foliar application of potassium (K) and salicylic acid (SA) have been investigated against salinity stress in rice. Four rice varieties (Kashmir Basmati, Basmati-370, Super-Basmati and Basmati-515) were exposed to NaCl stress (0, 100mM) and sprayed with SA (0.02%), K (0.1%) and their combination (SA+K) at vegetative and flowering stages. Salinity stress caused reduction in plant fresh and dry weight, plant height, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and photosynthetic rate.
Highlights
After China’s reform and its opening to the outside world, along with the process of China’s marketization, the urbanization process has sped up and as a result China’s urban land system and the urban form of its cities has been radically transformed
Wu [3] has studied urban morphology evolution from the perspective of the industrial distribution changes of Beijing while Duan (1989) provides a literature review describing the changes of Beijing urban form during the 1979-1989 period
From 1980 to 1990, as Table 6 shows, the city rapidly expanded outward with the variation of extended intensity in every direction 0.6666, in fan-shaped expansion to the northwest, mainly in three directions of NW, NNW and W (Figure 6).The two important factors stress the urban development direction, first, Beijing Urban Construction Master Plan in 1982 emphasized the development of exurban and marginal groups, as well as the establishment of satellite cities; second, the traffic is another important factor in 1984, subway 1st Line shaped as a line in the east-west help the development of the west of Beijing, subway 2nd Ring Line nearly shaped as four square, enhanced the east and west development
Summary
After China’s reform and its opening to the outside world, along with the process of China’s marketization, the urbanization process has sped up and as a result China’s urban land system and the urban form of its cities has been radically transformed. From 1990 to 1995, the urban construction land soared to 625.13km2 from 325.49km2, with an average annual increase of built-up area 59.93km2, the annual expansion rate of steep rise to 13.94%, the growth rate reached the highest point in the past 30 years.
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