Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are characterized by high proliferation rate, the multi-differentiation ability and, notably, low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties exerted through different mechanisms including Fas/FasL pathway. Despite their multipotency, hDPSCs require particular conditions to achieve chondrogenic differentiation. This might be due to the perivascular localization and the expression of angiogenic marker under standard culture conditions. FasL stimulation was able to promote the early induction of chondrogenic commitment and to lead the differentiation at later times. Interestingly, the expression of angiogenic marker was reduced by FasL stimulation without activating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in standard culture conditions. In conclusion, these findings highlight the peculiar embryological origin of hDPSCs and provide further insights on their biological properties. Therefore, Fas/FasL pathway not only is involved in determining the immunomodulatory properties, but also is implicated in supporting the chondrogenic commitment of hDPSCs.
Highlights
Human dental pulp stem cells are located in the perivascular area of the loose connective tissue enclosed within the pulp chamber
Immunephenotypical characterization through FACS analysis revealed that all the typical mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers were expressed by STRO1+/c-Kit+ Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), while being CD45/HLA-DR negative and, only to a lesser extent, CD34 positive (Figure 1D) which is in accordance with previous findings (Pisciotta et al, 2015a)
Human dental pulp stem cells represent a heterogeneous cell population enclosed in the loose connective tissue
Summary
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are located in the perivascular area of the loose connective tissue enclosed within the pulp chamber. Human DPSCs are characterized by a low-invasive procedures required for isolation, high proliferation rate, low immunogenicity and the ability to differentiate into different cell lineages (Gronthos et al, 2002). The multi/pluripotency of hDPSCs can be attributed to their particular embryological derivation from the neural crest. Neural crest cells originate during the formation of neural tube, at the third week of embryo development, undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrate to different body compartments under the control of several regulatory factors. Neural crest cells generate the majority of craniofacial tissues, including tooth, fat, muscle, bone and cartilage tissues, as well as cranial peripheral ganglia and nerves, among other cell types, such as melanocytes (Pisciotta et al, 2020). It has been widely demonstrated that hDPSCs are able to
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