Abstract
The allicin diallyldisulfid-S-oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic (Allium sativum L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In this study, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract and investigated its effects on gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without AFG in concentrations of 1% and 5% for 11 weeks. The genomic DNAs of feces were used to identify the gut microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the ratio of p-Firmicutes to p-Bacteroidetes increased by aging and HFD was reduced by AFG. In particular, the f-Lachnospiraceae, g-Akkermansia, and g-Lactobacillus decreased by aging and HFD was enhanced by AFG. The g-Dorea increased by aging and HFD decreased by AFG. In addition, the ratio of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase to glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT/GOT) in serum was significantly increased in the HFD group and decreased by AFG. In summary, our data demonstrated that dietary intervention with AFG is a potential way to balance the gut microbiome disturbed by a high-fat diet.
Highlights
Gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining a healthy body [1]
To develop garlic supplements that are beneficial to the gut microbiome, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract by heating a garlic bulb at 80 ◦ C to inactivate alliinase for blocking allicin production, and investigated its effect on the gut microbiome in a mouse model fed with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD)
This study revealed the preventive effects of AFG supplementation on the HFD-induced hepatocyte damage and the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome
Summary
Gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining a healthy body [1]. Diet has been shown to impact the composition and activity of gut microbiota [2]. A high-fat diet (HFD) modulates the gut microbiome composition by decreasing the prevalence of specific gut barrier-protecting bacteria and increasing the prevalence of opportunistic pathogens that can release free antigens such as lipopolysaccharides. This imbalance may be associated with higher gut permeability, leading to higher plasma levels of endotoxin and inflammation factors, and eventual development of metabolic disorders [3,4]. The experiments with separated garlic compounds revealed that fructans work as prebiotics for gut microbiome [13], while garlic OSCs, such as allicin, thiosulfates, and ajoene, act as antibacterial effects [14,15]. To develop garlic supplements that are beneficial to the gut microbiome, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract by heating a garlic bulb at 80 ◦ C to inactivate alliinase for blocking allicin production, and investigated its effect on the gut microbiome in a mouse model fed with normal diet (ND) or HFD
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