Abstract
(1) Background: Impaired adipose tissue function leads to the development of metabolic disorders. Reactive oxygen species play a key role in the regulation of adipogenesis and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes. Quercetin (QCT) regulates adipogenesis by affecting the redox state of preadipocytes. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins contaminating food. It has cytotoxic, genotoxic, pro-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects. Antioxidants are believed to protect cells from the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by OTA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of QCT and OTA application on preadipocyte differentiation, oxidative status, and adipocyte metabolism. (2) Methods: Primary rat preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Wistar rats. Gene expressions were determined by qPCR. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation were determined using commercially available kits. (3) Results: A dose-dependent inhibitory effect of QCT on adipogenic differentiation was observed, which was accompanied by a decrease in ROS production. Reduced ROS formation is closely related to impaired glucose uptake by adipocytes. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a key role of ROS in regulating adipogenesis and metabolic pathways, which is affected by the application of QCT and/or OTA.
Highlights
Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that has the ability to influence the metabolism of the whole organism
(4) Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating adipogenesis and metabolic pathways, which is affected by the application of QCT and/or Ochratoxin A (OTA)
Studies that examined adipogenic differentiation on the immortalized 3T3-L1 cell line showed an exclusively inhibitory effect of QCT [21,22]. Comparison of these studies points out the differences in the adipogenic differentiation of the widely used 3T3-L1 mouse cell line compared to the primary preadipocytes isolated from rat adipose tissue
Summary
Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that has the ability to influence the metabolism of the whole organism. It is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis by storing excess metabolic substrates in the form of lipids, and releasing them at times of negative energy balance. Obesity contributes to the development of peripheral insulin resistance, which leads to impaired accumulation of excess metabolic substrates to hypertrophied adipocytes. Insulin itself stimulates the formation of ROS by activation of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox). Nox can function as a “switch” between insulin-stimulated preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation [6].
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