Abstract
In this Letter, we investigate and analyze the performance of cross-correlation-enabled behavioral modeling in characterizing the modulation nonlinearity for rate-equation-based diode lasers. The Volterra series is utilized for nonlinearity characterization, and kernels are calculated using the cross-correlation method. The effectiveness of behavioral modeling for nonlinearity characterization is validated by both simulation and experiment. A large-signal response for 100-Gb/s PAM-4 signals is fitted to the measured one successfully in the simulation and 50-Gb/s PAM-4 in the experiment. It is found that the eye skew and amplitude nonlinearity can be emulated as second-order nonlinear distortion. The results can provide guidance for nonlinear distortion mitigation in high-speed optical interconnects.
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