Abstract
Developing near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence (PersL) bioprobes has attracted increasing attention due to their ultra-low autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration. Accurate imaging of glutathione (GSH) in vivo is of great significance to provide a real-time visualization of pathologies. Herein, manipulating metal ions as the switch of NIR afterglow was demonstrated to construct NIR PersL nanoprobes for the first time, which was highly efficient and much simpler than the luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) principle. As a proof-of-concept application, an activatable NIR PersL nanoprobe (Probe-1) built on core-shell structure was rationally fabricated for detection of GSH via employing Cu2+ as the quencher. In light of unique NIR PersL feature and flexible functionality, Probe-1 exhibited greatly enhanced analytical performances for GSH detection, and particularly imaging of tumor in living mouse. This approach without limits of spectral overlap from the LRET principle provided a new way to develop NIR PersL bioprobes for autofluorescence-free detection.
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