Modulating Drug Retention and Release via Surface Anchors Using Hyperthermia and Photothermal Effects of Fe3O4-SiO2 Core-shell Mesoporous Nanoparticles

Abstract

Core-shell nanocarriers (Fe3O4-MSN-TESPA-PEG/DOX) with a core-shell structure were created as possible materials for controlled drug retention and release. With a notable increase in pore volume and surface area, the 3-(Trimethylsilyl)propionic acid (TESPA) anchors on the pore walls of SiO2 nanoparticles (MSN). The doxorubicin (DOX) is controlled and stored by a network of polyethylene glycol (PEG) layers that cover the MSN pore by TESPA anchor as a result of interactions between the layers and the high density of functional groups at the pore mouth. Rather than the Brownian motion contribution, magnetic hysteresis losses account for the magnetic hyperthermia contribution to the heating efficiency of the investigated core-shell configuration. Fe3O4 NPs' magnetism and capacity for photothermal conversion make its core an appealing choice for photothermal treatment. By appropriately adjusting the following variables, the combination of magnetic field and NIR irradiation can control localized heating: i. NIR irradiation density; ii. magnetic field intensity; iii. time of use; and iv. concentration of Fe3O4-MSN-TESPA-PEG/DOX core-shell solution. This combination is ideal for bioapplications and clinical trials. The two-step NIR irradiation procedure or magnetic field intensity control allows for the rapid delivery of roughly seven times the maximum amount of stored doxorubicin in only five minutes. Fe3O4-MSN-TESPA-PEG nanocarriers with their core-shell structure have great potential as therapeutic agents with controllable drug delivery and targetability.