Abstract
A 10 wt % NiO on mesoporous Y-zeolite catalyst was studied for vanillin hydrodeoxygenation. Vanillin, having aldehyde, ether and hydroxyl groups is a representative moiety of lignin. Characterization results indicated that alkali-treated zeolites featured mesoporous craters and, after NiO impregnation, yielded a bifunctional acid-hydrogenation catalyst. Mesoporous Y-zeolite allows a greater accessibility of vanillin to Brønsted acid sites (BAS) giving one order of magnitude higher activity in comparison with pristine Y-zeolite, besides of eliminating methoxy group on the former, but not on the later. Nonetheless, alkali-treatment of Y-zeolite should be done with low alkali concentration to have a balance between craterization and zeolite's crystalline structure. Y-zeolite having both micro- and mesoporous are a more effective choice than untreated Y-zeolite. Methoxy groups can be eliminated through protonation on BAS without aromatic ring hydrogenation, providing aromatic phenolic compounds at low hydrogen consumption.
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