Abstract
This article begins with a comparison in protective relaying designs between electromechanical and static relays versus microprocessor-based relays, and a comparison of methods and levels of integration of protection, control, and monitoring functions for microprocessor-based relays. The focus then shifts to a new universal protective relay architecture and its efficiencies for troubleshooting and outage analyses. Emphasis is on the architecture organization and its capabilities, such as online viewing of the relay and breaker/recloser statuses, monitoring of voltage and current magnitudes and other programmed measuring quantities, oscillography features, relay setting, and the relay scheme.
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