Modular Design and Scaffold‐Synthesis of Multi‐Functional Fluorophores for Targeted Cellular Imaging and Pyroptosis

Abstract

AbstractFluorophores are essential tools for optical imaging and biomedical research. Their synthetic modification to incorporate new functions, however, remains a challenging task. Conventional strategies rely on linear synthesis in which a parent framework is gradually extended. We here designed and synthesized a versatile library of multi‐functional fluorophores via a scaffold‐based Ugi four‐component reaction (U‐4CR). The adaptability of the scaffold is achieved through modification of starting materials. This allows to use a small range of starting materials for the creation of fluorogenic probes that can detect reactive‐oxygen species and where the localization into subcellular organelles or membranes can be controlled. We present reaction yields ranging from 60 % to 90 % and discovered that some compounds can even function as imaging and therapeutic agents via Fenton chemistry inducing pyroptosis in living cancer cells. Our study underlines the potential of scaffold‐based synthesis for versatile creation of functional fluorophores and their applications.