Abstract
The Boltzmann equation for a weakly ionized plasma under the action of a strong electromagnetic wave is solved numerically, assuming that the wave frequency is much larger than the electron gyrofrequency. Elastic collisions between electrons and neutral particles as well as rotational, vibrational, and electronic excitation are taken into account. The solutions are used to investigate to which extent the electron temperature and the propagation characteristics of strong electromagnetic waves in the lower ionosphere are affected by deviations of the electron distribution function from a Maxwellian distribution.
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