Abstract
Simple SummaryPoor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. In the current study, we utilized modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles as a supplement to improve porcine in vitro maturation medium. Results showed that modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles at 2.5 µg/mL improved oocyte maturation in form of first polar body extrusion, reduced oxidative stress, and increased the developmental competence of the oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Moreover, the relative transcripts quantification showed significant increase in the pluripotency-associated transcripts in the resultant cloned embryos after modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles supplementation. Therefore, we provide an optimum in vitro maturation condition to improve the in vitro embryo production in porcine.Molecular approaches have been used to determine metabolic substrates involved in the early embryonic processes to provide adequate culture conditions. To investigate the effect of modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles (MSmPNPs) on oocyte developmental competence, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved from pig slaughterhouse ovaries were subjected to various concentrations of MSmPNPs (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 µg/mL) during in vitro maturation (IVM). In comparison to the control, MSmPNPs-5.0, and MSmPNPs-10 groups, oocytes treated with 2.5 µg/mL MSmPNPs had significantly increased glutathione (GSH) levels and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following parthenogenetic activation, the MSmPNPs-2.5 group had a considerably higher maturation and cleavage rates, blastocyst development, total cell number, and ratio of inner cell mass/trophectoderm (ICM:TE) cells, when compared with those in the control and all other treated groups. Furthermore, similar findings were reported for the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos. Additionally, the relative quantification of POU5F1, DPPA2, and NDP52 mRNA transcript levels were significantly higher in the MSmPNPs-2.5 group than in the control and other treated groups. Taken together, the current findings suggest that MSmPNP treatment alleviates oxidative stress and enhances the developmental competence of porcine in vitro matured oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and SCNT.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a promising technique owing to its increasing applicability in economically areas, such as agriculture, industry, medicine, and public health [1,2]
Mature oocytes in the modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles (MSmPNPs)-2.5 group had significantly higher intracellular GSH levels (p < 0.05)) compared to the control, MSmPNPs-5.0 and MSmPNPs-10 groups, (Figure 1b)
The results showed that the MSmPNPs-2.5 group significantly increased (p < 0.05) maturation
Summary
Nanotechnology is a promising technique owing to its increasing applicability in economically areas, such as agriculture, industry, medicine, and public health [1,2]. Nanotechnology has been applied to improve animal production and health using different approaches [3,4]. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in disease diagnosis, drug administration, animal nutrition, reproduction, and food safety [5,6]. Because of their unique and distinctive physicochemical properties that differ significantly from bulk materials of the same composition, nanomaterials are being created for use in a wide range of commercial goods worldwide. There are some physicochemical properties give synthetic NPs features and a higher surface reactivity than their counterparts of the regular bulk materials; such as the minute size (increased surface area and size distribution), purity, surface reactivity, solubility, shape, and aggregation [7,8].
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