Abstract
In this paper, a modified form of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller known as the Integral- Proportional Derivative (I-PD) controller is developed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of the two-area multi-source Interconnected Power System (IPS). Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) algorithm is employed for the optimization of proposed controller with various performance criteria including Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral of Time multiplied Square Error (ITSE), and Integral Square Error (ISE). The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been assessed on a two-area network with individual source including gas, hydro and reheat thermal unit and then collectively with all three sources. Further, to validate the efficacy of the proposed FDO based PID and I-PD controllers, comprehensive comparative performance is carried and compared with other controllers including Differential Evolution based PID (DE-PID) controller and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) hybridized with Local Unimodal Sampling (LUS-PID) controller. The comparison of outcomes reveal that the proposed FDO based I-PD (FDO-I-PD) controller provides a significant improvement in respect of Overshoot (Osh), Settling time (Ts), and Undershoot (Ush). The robustness of an I-PD controller is also verified by varying parameter of the system and load variation.
Highlights
The electrical power system consist of highly complex structures having various network of varied loads are interconnected
The effectiveness of Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) based controllers i.e. FDO-Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and FDO-Integral- Proportional Derivative (I-PD) are evaluated on two-area with reheat thermal, gas and hydro power system individually and collectively with all three generation units present in the system
FDO-I-PD provides an improvement of 83.1%, 77.4%, and 87.8% in Ush as compared Differential Evolution based PID (DE-PID)
Summary
The electrical power system consist of highly complex structures having various network of varied loads are interconnected. On the other hand some of the authors worked in single source generation of multi- area IPS and utilized different control techniques. The authors in [12] used TLBO with PD-PID controller for two- area network with multi-source system considering hydro, gas and thermal generation units. The literature survey reveals that the nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithms have received tremendous attention from researchers due to their strengths and capabilities to solve numerous complex optimization problems in engineering These techniques have been successfully employed for the tuning of controller parameters.
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