Abstract
The lake model FLake is currently widely used in numerical weather prediction and in climate models to parameterize the effect of freshwater lakes on the state of the boundary atmospheric layer. The model is based on a two-layer parametric representation of the evolving temperature profile (ETP) and on the integral budget of energy for the layers in question. The structure of the stratified layer between the upper mixed layer and the basin bottom is described using the concept of self-similarity of the temperature-depth curve. Capacity of a function of such type to simulate ETP accurately defines the model quality, that is, the extent of correspondence between numerical results and observational data. Several self-similar temperature-depth curves either obtained analytically or resulted from observational data handling, have been used in earlier FLake modifications with different extent of advance. The main shortcoming of parameterizations used previously was their inability to reproduce all types of the ETP known from observations. In the present study, a new parameterization of ETP in frames of FLake, also based on self-similarity of the temperature-depth curve, is proposed. It is demonstrated that a new parameterization is capable to reproduce most of the ETP types observed, whereas the self-similar functions proposed earlier are found to be its particular cases.
Highlights
Lakes and reservoirs with spatial extent up to several kilometres, belongs to the underlying surface, which interacts with the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)
Climate and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are to be complemented by appropriate models/parameterizations of thermohydrodynamics of lakes to account for their effect on characteristics and structure of ABL
At adequate setting of the temperature profile it can be reduced to ordinary differential equations, making the model built on the basis of this approach, highly efficient in the computational sense, which is an important factor while implementing it into the NWP systems
Summary
Lakes and reservoirs with spatial extent up to several kilometres, belongs to the underlying surface, which interacts with the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). At adequate setting of the temperature profile it can be reduced to ordinary differential equations, making the model built on the basis of this approach, highly efficient in the computational sense, which is an important factor while implementing it into the NWP systems One of such models was developed to account for the effect of lakes in numerical weather prediction and based on the second approach is a model FLake aimed at simulating the seasonal evolution of the vertical profile of temperature and mixing conditions in a lake The parameterization describing the vertical temperature profile in a water column in the form currently used in the model, i.e. both formulas (10), is not able to describe the whole range of vertical temperature distributions observed in lakes. Description of the main results and brief discussion are presented below
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