Abstract
The pathological changes of myocarditis include degeneration and necrosis of myocardial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the myocardial interstitium, accompanied by obvious myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis is a determinant of ventricular remodeling and an important indicator of the classification of clinical risk factors and has an important value in evaluating the prognosis of heart disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the “gold standard” for evaluating the shape and function of the heart, and it can show the characteristic pathological changes of myocardial tissue. The traditional gadolinium imaging agent delays the enhanced sequence images to visually show the extent of the affected myocardial fibrosis, but it cannot effectively identify small focal fibrosis or widespread diffuse fibrosis. The CMR longitudinal relaxation time quantitative technique can directly measure the relaxation time (T1) determined by the myocardial tissue and does not depend on the signal strength of the reference tissue and can quantitatively analyze the affected myocardium. In this study, the initial and enhanced quantitative imaging techniques of CMR were used to measure the magnetic value of the myocardium in patients with myocarditis, to explore the diagnostic value of myocardial fibrosis, and to analyze the correlation between cardiac fibrosis and cardiac function.
Highlights
Myocardial fibrosis is a determinant of cardiac pathological remodeling caused by various cardiovascular diseases [1], is the pathological basis of abnormal cardiac mechanical function and electrical activity [2], and eventually leads to heart failure and increases patient mortality [3]
In 2013, the Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Association and the European Radiological Society’s Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Working Group issued an expert consensus to define magnetic mapping as a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) method to directly measure the magnetic value of myocardial tissue before or after injection of the contrast agent. e signal strength of each pixel is encoded by the size of the pixel, and the parameter schematic diagram is drawn through computer postprocessing
Native magnetic value can noninvasively find the pathological changes of the heart such as changes in iron content because it does not require the injection of contrast agents and can be used in patients with severely impaired renal function. e magnetic value is obtained from a fitting curve of at least 6–10 time points, and the magnetic time needs to be measured in multiple cardiac cycles
Summary
Myocardial fibrosis is a determinant of cardiac pathological remodeling caused by various cardiovascular diseases [1], is the pathological basis of abnormal cardiac mechanical function and electrical activity [2], and eventually leads to heart failure and increases patient mortality [3]. CMR has a good temporal and spatial resolution, arbitrary plane imaging, good repeatability, and other advantages It can play cardiac morphology, function, myocardial tissue characteristics, and myocardial activity in heart disease. In 2013, the Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Association and the European Radiological Society’s Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Working Group issued an expert consensus to define magnetic mapping as a CMR method to directly measure the magnetic value of myocardial tissue before or after injection of the contrast agent. It is easy to produce a series of problems related to the unevenness of the main magnetic field and the RF field, such as the detuned resonance artifacts of the SSP sequence This does not fully reflect the extent of myocardial disease involvement. There was no statistically significant difference in apical image quality compared with the central and basal parts; and it is indicated that magnetic value can be measured and different sections of left ventricular myocardium can be obtained if the thickness of the apical myocardium is allowed. e magnetic value of the segment completely evaluates the fibrosis of all myocardium
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