Abstract
BackgroundModified Lingguizhugan Decoction (MLD) came from famous Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan Decoction. The MLD is used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the clinical setting. Our study focuses on the comprehensive treatment of MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodsRats were divided into five groups: control group (Cont), high-fat diet group (HFD), high-fat diet incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR), exercise incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR-Ex) and MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise group (HFD-DR-Ex-MLD). Treatments were conducted for 1 week after feeding high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The effects of treatments on high fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance in rats of MS were examined. In addition, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin and protein kinase B (PKB) in rats serum and liver were also examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAfter a week’s intervention by dietary restriction, dietary restriction incorporated with exercise or MLD, compared with HFD rats, the relative weight of liver and fat, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, insulin, were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 or 0.01). This treatment also inhibited abnormal increases of TNF-α, leptin and PKB in serum and liver.ConclusionMLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise treatment exhibit effects in alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance, which are possibly due to the down-regulation of TNF-α, leptin and PKB.
Highlights
Modified Lingguizhugan Decoction (MLD) came from famous Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan Decoction
(1) Control group (Cont) that accepted normal chow; (2) high-fat diet group (HFD) that fed with highfat diet for 12 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome model. This high-fat diet enriched in saturated fat and incorporated with moderate-to-low carbohydrate content has been previously used as an obesogenic and a diabetogenic food in rats [20]; (3) highfat diet incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR) that fed with 30% of high-fat diet; (4) exercise incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DREx) adhered to swim for 45 min everyday on the basis of high-fat diet incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR); (5) MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise group (HFD-DR-Ex-MLD) that gave MLD by oral administration everyday on the basis of HFD-DREx
HFD rats, levels of total cholesterol (TC) were significantly lower in HFDDR-Ex-MLD rats (P < 0.01, Fig. 3a), levels of TG were significantly lower in HFD-DR, HFD-DR-Ex and HFDDR-Ex-MLD rats (P < 0.05 or 0.01, Fig. 3b), levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly lower in HFD-DR-Ex and HFDDR-Ex-MLD rats (P < 0.05 or 0.01, Fig. 3c), levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher in HFD-DR and HFD-DR-Ex-MLD rats (P < 0.05 or 0.01, Fig. 3d), levels of free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in HFD-DR-Ex and HFD-DR-Ex-MLD rats (P < 0.05 or 0.01, Fig. 3e)
Summary
Modified Lingguizhugan Decoction (MLD) came from famous Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan Decoction. MS is a disease composed of different risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes or dyslipidemia. The prevalence of this syndrome is increasing worldwide in parallel with the rise in obesity and indicates that greater attention should be paid to it [6]. Dietary restriction and exercise have drawn attention in recent years due to its effect on weight loss to reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in obese patients [9]. Clinical and experimental evidence showed that diet restriction and exercise can be a very effective strategy to prevent the development of a metabolic syndrome [10, 11]
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