Modifications of Paramedian Forehead Flap

Abstract

Introduction Paramedian forehead flap an interpolated flap based on supratrochlear vessels is considered as a workhorse for nasal and periorbital reconstruction however it re-quires modification’s to meet reconstruction requirement. Modifications includes islanded single stage forehead flap, expanded forehead flap, pre-fabricated with rib cartilage, folded forehead flap, split forehead flap and delayed flap, are associated with complications which can be minimized using different techniques. This article’s objective is to re-view indications for modification of Paramedian forehead flap, its complications and techniques of minimizing them. Methods: Twenty-three patients with facial defects reconstructed with modified Paramedian forehead flap were analysed by non-probability purposive sampling from September 2010 to August 2014, while traditional forehead flap reconstructions were excluded. Results: Nasal and periorbital region defects were present in twenty-one and two patients respectively.13 had full thickness nasal defects, 14 had BCC while SCC in 2 patients. Reconstruction was performed in multiple stages except in three patients. Expanded forehead flap was used in four, subcutaneously islanded pedicle forehead and flap prefabricated forehead flaps in three each, split forehead and delayed reconstruction in two patients each. No total loss of flap was observed except in one folded forehead flap where partial distal one cmnecrosed; one patient with expanded forehead flap required revision due to flap contraction. Conclusions: Modifications of Paramedian forehead flap appear reliable, versatile and excellent tool for nasal and periorbital reconstruction. Judicious modifications of flap de-sign as per indication can give satisfactory results with minimal complications by following the techniques mentioned in literature.