Abstract
AbstractRecently, great attention has been paid to nano-composites of cellulose, due to their unique structure as a most abundant natural polymer with having exceptional properties such as renewable, biodegradable and high specific tensile strength, aspect ratio, and Young’s modulus. Prominent cellulose is naturally present in plant lignocellulosic biomass as a biocomposite made of cellulose, hemi-celluloses, lignin, etc. In addition, it can be extracted from other natural sources including bacteria, algae, and sea animals. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that has various applications, such as food, paper production, industrial and pharmaceutical biomaterials. The surface modification on NCC can improves its disperse ability in different solvents and its utilization in protein immobilization, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and inorganic reaction template. Therefore, based on recent studies, this review illustrated considerable progresses with addressing medicinal properties involving antimicrobial and biocompatibility of nano-cellulose (NC) in the case of wound healing.
Highlights
Lysozyme and allicin antimicrobial agents were conjugated with NC via cross-linker of a carbodiimide as lysozymeconjugated NC (LCNC) and allicin-conjugated NC (ACNC)
It is worth noting that NCCs and NFCs are eco-friendly materials, which could serve as valuable reusable resources for revival forest industry
The application of nanotechnology in developing NCs from the forest industry to more valuable products is required, because the availability of materials based on NCs is still limited
Summary
Biofuels production from cellulosic materials can reduce air pollutants by reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [22,23] It can be applied mechanical or chemical methods to prepare NCs based on the crystalline nature of cellulosic materials [24]. Cellulose polymer has not antimicrobial activities by itself, high biocompatibility, aspect ratio (length to width ratio), and functionality degree of this biopolymer are leaded to antimicrobial application of cellulose nanocomposites with various antimicrobial agents [26]. In this way, using of MNPs such as silver, copper, zinc oxide, and titania can be useful. In the final section of this review, based on recent investigations, antimicrobial activities and wound healing of cellulose/MNPs with some of antimicrobial agents were presented
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