Modification of Urinary Metabolome in Young Women after Cranberry Juice Consumption Were Revealed Using UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS‐Based Global Metabolomics Approach

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate urinary metabolome modifications in young women following cranberry juice consumption using a global UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS approach. Seventeen female college students, between 21–29 years old, were given either cranberry juice or apple juice for three days using a cross‐over design. Urine samples were collected before and after juice consumption. Metabolome in urine were analyzed using UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS‐based metabolomics followed by multilevel partial least squares‐discriminant analyses (PLS‐DA). Variable importance projection (VIP) plot was used to identify discriminant metabolites. Validated multilevel PLS‐DA analyses showed that urinary metabolome in young women were altered following cranberry juice consumption. Compared to baseline condition or after apple juice consumption, cranberry juice consumption caused a greater urinary excretion of both exogenous and endogenous metabolites. Tentatively identified exogenous metabolites included quinic acid, phenol, catechol, catechol sulfate, methylcatechol, 2‐methoxycatechol‐O‐sulfate, diphenyl glucuronide, benzoyl glucuronide, 5‐(dihydroxyphenyl)‐ϒ‐valerolactone, 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3‐(hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, coumaric acid and caffeic acid‐O‐sulfate. Modifications of endogenous metabolites after cranberry juice consumption included increases in homocitric acid, hippuric acid, phenylglycine, 4‐hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, N‐acetyl‐L‐glutamate 5‐semialdehyde and a decrease of oxalosuccinic acid. These metabolites may serve as biomarkers of cranberry juice consumption and explain its health benefits against urinary tract infections.