Abstract
Abstract The use of pulsed laser irradiation techniques has proven to be a clearly effective procedure for the achievement of surface properties modification via micro-/nano-structuration, different conceptual approaches having been the subject of research and extensively reported in the literature. Completing the broad spectrum of applications developed mostly involving the generation of structured surfaces (particularly of metallic materials) with specific contact, friction and wear functionalities, the application of laser sources to the surface structuration of metal surfaces for the modification of their wetability and corrosion resistance properties is considered. The particular problems found for the generation of the appropriate surface microstructure able to replicate the hydrophobic behaviour of some live structures present in nature, their long term stability and their amenability to macroscopic scale are discussed along with innovative methods to generate the required hierarchical micro-/nano-structures by a combination of the DLW and DLIP techniques.
Highlights
The increasing availability of advanced fiber and DPSS lasers with characteristic pulse lengths ranging from ns to fs provides a unique frame in which the development of laser generated micro/nano-structures has been made possible for very diverse kinds of materials and applications [1,2,3]
The molten material recast as the laser scan the sample, inducing the formation of micro-walls around the original surface forming a closed packet or μ-cell. These direct laser writing (DLW) structures are of great interest due to the potential application on enhancing the wettability behavior of the titanium alloy by means of a microstructured surface as it has been showed that a μ-cell type structure can be used to create a super-hydrophobic surface [33, 37]
Multiple-scale periodic surface patterns were fabricated on Ti6Al4V alloy combining two laser micro-structuring techniques, starting from nanosecond-pulsed (DLW) to create micro-cells (50 μm width, 4–10 μm depth and 4–10 μm high) and subsequently applying a direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) treatment
Summary
The increasing availability of advanced fiber and DPSS lasers with characteristic pulse lengths ranging from ns to fs provides a unique frame in which the development of laser generated micro/nano-structures has been made possible for very diverse kinds of materials and applications [1,2,3]. From the point of view of laser processing, the structuring of a surface involves the removal of a prescribed amount of material by means of laser ablation This phenomenon is driven by either photo-thermal or photo-chemical effects, either of which can be activated as a function of the duration of the laser pulse, the wavelength, and the properties of the treated material [27, 28]. In the most straightforward approach, the technique known as direct laser writing (DLW) [29, 30] is a procedure to engrave micro-structures and micro-patterns on the surface of metals In this case, a nanosecond focused laser beam causes photo-thermal ablation associated to the melting of the material under the laser track.
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