Abstract
The Thomas equation is a popular model that has been widely used to predict breakthrough curves (BTCs) when describing the dynamic adsorption of different pollutants in a fixed-bed column system. However, BTCs commonly exhibit unsymmetrical patterns that cannot be predicted using empirical equations such as the Thomas model. Fortunately, adaptive neural-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs) can be used to model complex patterns found in adsorption processes in a fixed-bed column system. Consequently, a new hybrid model merging Thomas and an ANFIS was introduced to estimate the performance of BTCs, which were obtained for Cd(II) ion adsorption on ostrich bone ash-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). The results obtained showed that the fair performance of the Thomas model (NRMSE = 27.6% and Ef = 64.6%) improved to excellent (NRMSE = 3.8% and Ef = 93.8%) due to the unique strength of ANFISs in nonlinear modeling. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the initial solution pH was a more significant input variable influencing the hybrid model than the other operational factors. This approach proves the potential of this hybrid method to predict BTCs for the dynamic adsorption of Cd(II) ions by ostrich bone ash-supported nZVI particles.
Highlights
Cadmium compounds are extensively applied in many industries such as metal plating facilities, paint pigments, mining operations, stabilizers and silver-cadmium batteries (Boparai et al )
A new hybrid Thomas–adaptive neural-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model has been developed for the dynamic adsorption of Cd(II) ions by ostrich bone
The Thomas–ANFIS model combines the best characteristics of the Thomas equation and ANFIS model in linear and non-linear prediction for data fitting of Cd(II)
Summary
Cadmium compounds are extensively applied in many industries such as metal plating facilities, paint pigments, mining operations, stabilizers and silver-cadmium batteries (Boparai et al ). The release of these compounds into the environment can cause adverse health effects for humans such as kidneys disease, high blood pressure, lung insufficiency and bone defects (Boparai et al ). NZVI has limited applications in wastewater treatment due to its tendency to aggregate and oxidize (Zhang et al ; Gil et al ). To resolve this problem, porous materials such as ostrich bone ash has been employed to support nZVI
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