Modification of the Surface Topography and Composition of Ultrafine and Coarse Grained Titanium by Chemical Etching.

Denis Nazarov,Vladimir Smirnov,Elena Zemtsova,Ruslan Valiev,Alexandr Solokhin

doi:10.3390/nano7010015

Denis Nazarov, Vladimir Smirnov + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7010015

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Journal: Nanomaterials	Publication Date: Jan 13, 2017
Citations: 46	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: St Petersburg University

Abstract

In this study, we present the detailed investigation of the influence of the etching medium (acidic or basic Piranha solutions) and the etching time on the morphology and surface relief of ultrafine grained (UFG) and coarse grained (CG) titanium. The surface relief and morphology have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the spectral ellipsometry. The composition of the samples has been determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Significant difference in the etching behavior of UFG and CG titanium has been found. UFG titanium exhibits higher etching activity independently of the etching medium. Formed structures possess higher homogeneity. The variation of the etching medium and time leads to micro-, nano-, or hierarchical micro/nanostructures on the surface. Significant difference has been found between surface composition for UFG titanium etched in basic and acidic Piranha solution. Based on the experimental data, the possible reasons and mechanisms are considered for the formation of nano- and microstructures. The prospects of etched UFG titanium as the material for implants are discussed.

Highlights

IntroductionTitanium and its alloys have a unique combination of mechanical properties (hardness, strength, low density, and relatively low Young modulus) and excellent biocompatibility [1,2]
Titanium and its alloys have a unique combination of mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility [1,2]
The surface morphology of etched ultrafine grained (UFG) and coarse grained (CG) titanium has been studied by scanning electron analysis both on(SEM)

Summary

Introduction

Titanium and its alloys have a unique combination of mechanical properties (hardness, strength, low density, and relatively low Young modulus) and excellent biocompatibility [1,2]. This allows it to be widely used as the most suitable material for orthopedic and dental implants [1,2,3]. In addition to the mechanical properties, UFG structure can promote adhesion, spreading, proliferation, differentiation of bone tissue cells, and accelerated tissue mineralization [9], which eventually promotes the implant’s engraftment. Acceleration of the implant’s engraftment is the most important and the most complicated task in the development of the new generation of implants [1,2]

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