Abstract
BackgroundEarly preclinical diagnosis of COPD is urgent. We proposed that fatty acid composition of red blood cells may serve as a prognostic test for the complications in the chronic respiratory diseases. Fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, CB, and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) was studied. It was established that modification of the fatty acid composition in the erythrocyte membranes was unidirectional in both groups of patients.MethodsPatients with CB and stable COPD (group A, GOLD 1) (15 subjects in each group) were studied in clinic. The activity of the inflammatory process was evaluated by the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, cytokine levels and cytokine receptors in the blood serum (TNFα, sTNF-RI, bFGF, TGF-β, IL-8). Fatty acid (FA) composition of the erythrocyte membranes was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Statistical data processing was performed by the methods of descriptive statistics with Statistica 6.0.ResultsIn both groups (CB and COPD), a significant accumulation of the saturated FAs (14:0, 15:0, 18:0) was established. The amount of the arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was increased by 13% (р < 0.05) in CB patients and by 41% (р < 0.001) in COPD patients, as compared with healthy persons. The elevated level of the PUFA n-6 in the erythrocytes membranes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases confirms that proinflammatory (leukotriene B4) and bronchospasm (prostaglandin D2) mediator substrates is increased. The level of the eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) was decreased by 32% (р < 0.05) in CB patients and 2-fold (р < 0.001) in COPD patients. The observed increase in the 20:4n-6/20:5n-3 ratio - 1.5-fold (р < 0.001) in CB patients and 3-fold in COPD patients - can be a specific marker of the adverse course of the respiratory pathology and the chronic inflammatory development.ConclusionsChronic respiratory disease development is associated with the disturbance of the fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes and disbalance of the ratio between precursor of pro- and antiinflammatory eicosanoids.
Highlights
The observed phagocytic activity of the neutrophils fall on the background of the increasing phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) (TNF-α, s-Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-RI (p55)) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (TNF-α, s-TNFα-RI (p55), TGF-β) indicates the development of the chronic inflammatory process [12]
The results prove the fact that the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases was modified
Conclusions the study has shown that the development of the chronic respiratory diseases is accompanied by the breach of the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane
Summary
Preclinical diagnosis of COPD is urgent. We proposed that fatty acid composition of red blood cells may serve as a prognostic test for the complications in the chronic respiratory diseases. Fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, CB, and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) was studied. The symptoms and morphological changes characteristic of chronic bronchitis were considered as stage 0 or a developing increased risk of COPD [6]. Patients with COPD usually ask for medical help only in the late stages of the disease, when medical treatment cannot prevent the progression of the disease and the development of complications. According to this problem, the possibly early preclinical diagnosis of COPD is urgent [1,2]
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