Abstract
In this letter, we modify the extended advanced integral equation model (EAIEM) for electromagnetic backscattering and bistatic scattering from rough surfaces with small to moderate heights. We extend the first-order approximation of the error function as introduced in the EAIEM model to the second order, in a hope to be more suitable for large roughness and high frequency. In addition, a new transition model for the reflection coefficient is proposed to make the dependences explicit on the mean surface curvature, frequency, and dielectric constant, whereas making no use of the complementary term, the effect of inadequate evaluation of this term is mitigated. Comparison with POLARSCAT data for backscattering and with European Microwave Signature Laboratory (EMSL) measurements for bistatic scattering demonstrates the validity of the updated model.
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