Abstract
The modification of steel by natural materials containing barium and strontium is considered. Thermodynamic modeling of the reduction of barium and strontium by silicon and aluminum is undertaken. The influence of modification by barium and strontium on the structure and mechanical properties of the steel is studied. The results are employed in the production of 25Γ2C and Γ13 steel in arc furnaces at the casting shop of OAO EVRAZ ZSMK and also in the production of 35XΓCЛ, 30XΓCЛ, and 12HЛ2ΦX steel at OAO Yurginskii Mashinostroitel’nyi Zavod by two-slag technology. The results of industrial tests indicate that modification with barium and strontium affects the microstructure and nonmetallic inclusions; and increases the margin of structural strength of the steel, estimated in terms of the yield point, strength, and impact strength at positive and negative temperatures. To identify the presence of barium and strontium in the steel, its structure is analyzed by means of extraction replicas on a transmission electron-diffraction microscope. The presence of barium and strontium within the grains indicates their reaction with the metallic melt, which affects the structure of the metallic matrix.
Highlights
The article is devoted to the steel modification process with natural materials containing barium and strontium
The results analysis of the production experiments has shown that a barium-strontium modifier influences the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions, as well as provides the supply increase of structural strength of steel estimated by the values of yield point, strength and impact strength at the positive and negative temperatures
The presence of barium and strontium in the grain capacity indicates the interaction of these elements with metallic melt having a certain influence on the structure formation of a metallic matrix
Summary
Дмитриенко В.И.1, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металлургии черных металлов Платонов М.А.2, к.т.н., старший преподаватель кафедры металлургии черных металлов. С применением методов термодинамического моделирования рассмотрен процесс восстановления бария и стронция кремнием и алюминием. Анализ результатов теоретических расчетов показал, что углерод при температурах 1873 – 1923 К практически не восстанавливает барий и стронций из их оксидов; кремний может восстанавливать барий примерно на 60 %, но плохо восстанавливает стронций (всего лишь на 15 %), а при использовании алюминия степень восстановления бария и стронция из оксидов достигает соответственно 70 и 50 %; температура в интервале 1873 – 2073 К оказывает незначительное влияние на степень восстановления этих элементов Из анализа результатов термодинамического моделирования, представленных авторами [13, 14], следует, что восстановление бария и стронция из их оксидов более полно происходит при использовании в качестве восстановителя алюминия. Для стали марки Г13 испытания на ударную вязкость проводили при температуре +20 и –60 °С.
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