Abstract
The textile and related industries can produce a large amount of wastewater with organic dyes pollutants which can cause uncertain environmental impacts. In this study, the improved poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) hollow fiber membranes were used in a continuous air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) operation for wastewater treatment of the Hamadan textile factory, Iran. The porous membranes were fabricated by a phase-inversion process and the inner surface was coated by a thin layer of sulfonated poly (ether ether keton) (SPEEK). After SPEEK coating, the water contact angle of the membrane decreased from about 93° to 57°. The SPEEK coated membrane presented mean pore size and overall porosity of 10 nm and 82.2%, respectively. For the wastewater treatment, the improved membrane presented the water flux and color rejection of 24.7 kg/m2 h and 99.8% during 72 h of the AGMD operation, respectively. Additionally, the treated wastewater reduced to the turbidity of ∼2 NTU, total dissolved solid (TDS) of 16 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 10 mg/L. The coated membrane presented a reasonable anti-fouling property with a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 91.7% after 72 h of the operation. Hence, the improved PVDF-HFP membrane can be a potential alternative for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater via a membrane distillation process.
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