Abstract
Radiation grafting of acrylic acid was carried out on poly (vinyl chloride) fiber to improve the softening temperature without serious damage to its flame-retardance.Grafting of acrylic acid proceeded smoothly when ethylene dichloride and water were mixed with the monomer. A small amount of Mohr's salt was added to the mixture to suppress the formation of acrylic acid homopolymer outside of the fiber. Grafting was performed either by the immersion method using γ-rays from a Cobalt-60 sources or by the impregnation method using electron beams from a Van de Graaff accelerator. In the case of the impregnation grafting, 30% grafting was easily obtained by irradiating 2 seconds at a dose rate of 0.1 Mrad/sec.Grafted fibers showed higher heat-shrinkage temperatures especially when acrylic acid was converted to the calcium salt. Damage to the flame-retardance was not serious, as fibers of 100% graft kept the self-extin-guishing property of the original specimen. The hydrophilic property was also improved, and the sodium salt of 15-20% graft showed the same level of moisture regain as cotton.
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