Abstract
Analysis of the modern state of the facade system market was conducted, major deficiencies and basic requirements to facade surfaces and materials were identified. It was established that high quality of the surfaces is achieved through stability of the composition and properties of the raw materials used, and fillers – their quantitative content and dispersity – play a particularly important role. The problem of the optimal filling of plaster compositions, labor intensity and low profitability of natural filler production was raised A solution was suggested: expand the nomenclature of fillers for plaster compositions of the new generation, apply nanotechnological raw materials, in particular, carbonate sludge – the product of reactant treatment of waste water from thermal power plants and carbonate siliceous product – flue dust from asphalt concrete plants. Both wastes are depositable anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution. Formulations of facade compositions, modified with nanotechnological mineral fillers with high properties (adhesive strength, compressive strength, cold resistance), confirmed by a number of Russian patents, have been developed.
Highlights
Building facades are a mosaic that forms the face of any city
A particular attention should be given to carbonate sludges (CS) from water softening at thermal power plants (TPP), with a particle size of 20-60 nm, and carbonate siliceous product (CSP) – flue dust generated in the production of road construction mixtures at asphalt concrete plants (ACP), with a particle size of 60-80 nm
The particle size of industrial wastes has been measured by the low-angle neutron scattering method (LANSM) at B.P
Summary
Building facades are a mosaic that forms the face of any city. exterior building envelopes are daily exposed to adverse environmental factors: atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow, hail), wind, thermal and mechanical stress, ultraviolet and gamma rays, chemically active airborne substances, which often cause numerous sorts of decay and deformations at different stages of building maintenance.In Russia, the system with a thin plaster layer has become one of the most favored options for the finishing of building facades due to the following main advantages:- well-balanced response of a plastered system to deformation caused by abrupt temperature fluctuations;- sufficient vapor permeability of the materials employed, which protects the wall construction from excessive moistening;- protection of the wall base material from exposure to carbon dioxide, water and other aggressive agents, preventing chemical degradation and corrosion of the wall structure;- reducing costs of the foundation construction due to the relatively light weight of the exterior envelope coating;- avoiding efflorescence on the facade surface; - solution to the problem of interpanel joints in panel buildings; - improved sound insulation of exterior walls; - wide applicability both in newly constructed buildings and in the refurbishment of existing buildings, with a wide color palette of the façade finish; Still, the system has its own specific features, in particular, a number of drawbacks and limitations: - installation works have to be carried out with accuracy and precision: strict adherence to the proportions of all components when preparing the solution is required; prepared composition has to be used within 2 hours; - can be applied to buildings up to 75 m in height (25 floors); - due to natural and climatic conditions: - allowed wind pressure according to the design specification 20.13330.2011 Loads and impacts; - allowed design ambient air temperature in winter is not below –40°C (average temperature of the coldest five-day period); - allowed humidity areas according to the design specification 50.13330. 2012 Building heat insulation – dry, normal; - allowed aggressiveness degree of the outdoor environment – non-aggressive, mildly aggressive. - avoiding efflorescence on the facade surface; - solution to the problem of interpanel joints in panel buildings; - improved sound insulation of exterior walls; - wide applicability both in newly constructed buildings and in the refurbishment of existing buildings, with a wide color palette of the façade finish; Still, the system has its own specific features, in particular, a number of drawbacks and limitations: - installation works have to be carried out with accuracy and precision: strict adherence to the proportions of all components when preparing the solution is required; prepared composition has to be used within 2 hours; - can be applied to buildings up to 75 m in height (25 floors); - due to natural and climatic conditions: - allowed wind pressure according to the design specification 20.13330.2011 Loads and impacts; - allowed design ambient air temperature in winter is not below –40°C (average temperature of the coldest five-day period); - allowed humidity areas according to the design specification 50.13330. Modern development trends of the construction industry in the field of facade coatings require highly efficient front surfaces of the building walls, which can be achieved through: - feasibility of architectural and aesthetic solutions; - rational use of labor, natural, technological and material resources; - implementation of innovative composition solutions that meet construction norms and standards; - high performance characteristics and durability of building coatings
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