Modification of Ordinary Concrete Using Fly Ash from Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge.

Gabriela Rutkowska,Piotr Wichowski,Joanna Fronczyk,Michał Mendryk,Małgorzata Franus

doi:10.3390/ma13020487

Abstract

This article focuses on the impact of fly ash from the combustion of municipal sewage sludge (FAMSS) as a cement additive in the amounts of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (by mass) on selected concrete properties. In the course of the experimental work, water penetration depth and compressive strength measurements were made at various periods of curing (from 2 to 365 days). In addition, the potential impact of FAMSS on the natural environment was examined by determining the leachability of heavy metals. FAMSS-modified concretes showed small values of water penetration depth (lower than 50 mm), as well as good compressive strength (reaching minimum class C30/37 after 130 days of maturing)—similar to the compressive strength obtained for conventional concrete. In addition, the partial replacement of cement with FAMSS has environmental benefits, expressed as a reduction in CO2 emissions. In addition, study has shown that compliance with environmental requirements is associated with heavy metal leaching.

Highlights

The cement production process can be harmful to the natural environment, emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases due to the high-temperature (1450 ◦ C) process of burning cement clinker and the CO2 emissions resulting from the decarbonization of raw material [1]
Analyzing the results presented in the literature, a differentiated impact of fly ashes on compressive strength values can be noticed
When considering the use of fly ashes in concrete production, the physico-chemical composition, fineness and pozzolanic activity of the additives should be taken into account

Summary

Introduction

The cement production process can be harmful to the natural environment, emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases due to the high-temperature (1450 ◦ C) process of burning cement clinker and the CO2 emissions resulting from the decarbonization of raw material [1]. According to the Yearbook of International Statistics data [4], the production of cement in the world amounted to over 1.67 billion tons in 2000, and 4.07 billion tons in 2013. As a result of this production, in 2000 the cement industry emitted 1.4 billion tons of greenhouse gases (converted to CO2 ) into the atmosphere, which accounted for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions and about 5%. According to Statista (The Statistics Portal for Market Data) [6], global cement production in 2030 is expected to increase to 4.83 billion metric tons. The Central Statistical Office 2019 [7]

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