Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticles with Triazine-Based Dendrons and Their Application as Drug-Transporting Systems.

Mateusz Pawlaczyk,Grzegorz Schroeder

doi:10.3390/ijms222111353

Abstract

The following research aims at the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with triazine-based dendrons and the application of the obtained materials as effective sorptive materials dedicated to acidic bioactive compounds. The adopted synthetic approach involved: (1) the synthesis of nanosized Fe3O4 particles via classic co-precipitation method, (2) the introduction of amine groups on their surface leading to materials’ precursor, and (3) the final synthesis of branched triazine-based dendrons on the support surface by an iterative reaction between cyanuric chloride (CC) and piperazine (p) or diethylenetriamine (DETA) via nucleophilic substitution. The characterized materials were tested for their adsorptive properties towards folic acid, 18β–glycyrrhetinic acid, and vancomycin, showing high adsorption capacities varying in the ranges of 53.33–401.61, 75.82–223.71, and 68.17–132.45 mg g−1, respectively. The formed material–drug complexes were also characterized for the drug-delivery potential, performed as in vitro release studies at pH 2.0 and 7.4, which mimics the physiological conditions. The release profiles showed that the proposed materials are able to deliver up to 95.2% of the drugs within 48 h, which makes them efficient candidates for further biomedical applications.

Highlights

Hybrid materials based on oxide nanoparticles [1,2], especially magnetite (iron(II,III) oxide; Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles, gained significant attention as starting materials for the synthesis of tools dedicated to chemical analysis, adsorbents, supports for the delivery of various biocompounds, or catalysts, owing to their various beneficial physicochemical features
The prepared Fe3 O4 /SiO2 particles were subjected to functionalization with a silane derivative containing aminopropyl chain, leading to a magnetically susceptible material with free terminal NH2 groups as a precursor for the synthesis of the designed triazine dendron-grafted materials
Obtaining the final hybrid materials was based on two steps: (a) the incorporation of cyanuric chloride (CC)—a branching unit—to terminal amine groups and (b) the introduction of the aminocomponent (diethylenetriamine (DETA); or piperazine (p))

Summary

Introduction

Hybrid materials based on oxide nanoparticles [1,2], especially magnetite (iron(II,III) oxide; Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles, gained significant attention as starting materials for the synthesis of tools dedicated to chemical analysis, adsorbents, supports for the delivery of various biocompounds, or catalysts, owing to their various beneficial physicochemical features. Characteristic features of triazine-based dendrimers are easiness in tunability afforded by chlorine atoms in the triazine-core undergoing nucleophilic substitution under mild conditions, the rigidity of the final structure afforded by the stiffness of triazine aromatic ring, and a combination of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains in the macromolecule This kind of dendrimers was introduced to chemical nomenclature in the early 2000s [11] and was studied for the improvement of pharmacokinetic parameters of chosen drugs, with the simultaneous possibility of enhancing their therapeutic effects [12,13,14,15,16], delivering nucleic acids to cancer cells [17], as well as promising binding efficiency towards toxic metal ions [18,19]

Methods

Results

Conclusion