Abstract
Lignin, a large scale by-product of papermaking and bioethanol production, is applied now in various fields. One of the main areas of use is in the development of different adsorbents, including those intended for detoxification of the spills of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine-based rocket fuel. The present work has shown the possibility of oxidative modification of hydrolytic lignin by hydrogen peroxide to improve the efficiency of the adsorbent. The change in functional composition of the modified adsorbent was studied by IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the oxidative treatment led to an increase in the content of carbonyl and carboxyl groups, which act as the active adsorption centres for hydrazine molecules. The optimum oxidation conditions were found. An increase in treatment duration from 15 to 120 min and in concentration of hydrogen peroxide from 6 to 30% did not have a significant effect on the functional composition and adsorption properties of lignin.
Highlights
Space rocket activities (SRA) have a significant impact on the environment
UDMH is a substance of Hazard Class 1 and during its decomposition highly toxic and carcinogenic products such as hydrazine, methylhydrazine, nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), tetramethyltetrazene, formaldehyde, etc. are formed [5,6,7]
The total pore volume, specific surface area and average pore size were determined according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, the micropore volume according to a t-method, the mesopore volume according to the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method, and Horvath–Kawazoe method was used to calculate the average micropore width [20,21,22,23]
Summary
Space rocket activities (SRA) have a significant impact on the environment. Chemical effects on natural environments that appear as a result of emissions and spills of liquid rocket fuel components are considered to be significant. One of the most dangerous components of rocket fuel is unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine) It results in many negative environmental consequences associated with its high volatility, almost unlimited solubility in water and ability for migration and accumulation [1,2,3,4]. In addition to the assessment of environmental impacts and SRA monitoring, in the present day the problem of development of methods for rapid elimination of accident consequences related to rocket fuel spills has acquired a particular relevance. One such method involves the use of inexpensive, readily available and effective adsorbents of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine capable of binding it into inactive forms. Large-tonnage by-products from pulp-and-paper and bioethanol production industries, can be used as such UDMH adsorbents
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