Modification of fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap to achieve two-layer closure during reconstruction of circumferential hypopharyngeal defects

Abstract

Circumferential defects of the hypopharynx are a reconstructive challenge. Various local, regional and free flaps have been described with each having advantages and disadvantages in terms of functional outcomes. The fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is one of the most common free flaps used for reconstructing circumferential hypopharyngeal defects. The skin paddle is pliable and reasonably matches the native hypopharyngeal wall. It is easy to raise, has predictable vascular anatomy and a long pedicle. Unlike the anterior lateral thigh (ALT) flap, the RFFF is associated with higher rates of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula. This was thought to be due to the difficulty in achieving two-layer closure. However, in a post treatment neck or in patient with large body habitus, the use of ALT or other free flaps may not be possible leaving the RFFF as the only viable option. To aim to reduce the risk of fistula and wound dehiscence, we describe a novel design of RFFF, which provides two-layer closure. We believe that our design gives the reconstructive surgeon another reconstructive option, which should be considered in challenging circumferential hypopharyngeal defects.