Modification of cotton fabric by ZnO nanoparticles for producing an antibacterial natural dyed batik

Abstract

Batik is a traditional Indonesian cloth that has been recognized by UNESCO as the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. Nowadays batik with natural dyes is preferred because it is unique, natural and environmentally friendly. The disadvantage of natural dyed batik, especially those using cotton cloth, is easily overgrown with bacteria. This paper presents the results of research on the application of ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabrics that produce batik with antibacterial activity. The application of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out with variations on concentration (1% and 2%), temperature (25°C and 80°C), and application stages, i.e before and after the batik process. Colouring process was conducted by natural dyes of Tingi (Ceriops tagal). To see the effect of ZnO application, the antibacterial activity, the colour fastness to washing, the colour strength (K/S) of natural dyed batik have been examined. The results showed that the ZnO application before and after the batik process can provide antibacterial activity and enhance colour strength on natural dyed batik. To maintain the colour fastness to washing, the ZnO application can be carried out before the batik process at temperature 80°C or after the batik process at 25°C.