Abstract
The effects of temperature, time, alkalinity and solid/liquid ratio on separation of lignin, hemicellulose to obtain cellulose from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were investigated. Microcrystalline cellulose fibers were examined by microscope and infrared spectroscopy IR. The results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed by alkaline treatment. The obtained cellulose fibers were modified by esterification reaction with acetic anhydride in acetic acid, sulfuric acid with the aid of ultrasound. The cellulose acetate was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and IR spectra. The synthesized nano fibers were in the diameter range of 50 - 100 nm from the TEM with even arrangement. The IR spectrum also showed that the -OH group was replaced by the -OCOCH3 group, thus, reducing the polarization and hygroscopic ability of cellulose, suitable for using as the reinforcing phase in biodegradable composite materials.
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