Abstract
Fatigue causes kinematics modifications during running, and it could be related to injuries. The aim was to identify and compare the effects of central and peripheral fatigue on angular kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters during running. Angular kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters were evaluated using an infrared motion capture system and were registered during 2 min treadmill running in pre- and post-fatigue states in eighteen male recreational runners. Central fatigue was induced by a 30 min running fatigue protocol on a treadmill, while peripheral fatigue in quadriceps and hamstrings muscles was induced by an isokinetic dynamometer fatigue protocol. Central fatigue increased the anterior shank oscillation during the initial contact, knee flexion during the maximum absorption, posterior shank oscillation during propulsion, and stance time (p < 0.05). Peripheral fatigue decreased ankle dorsiflexion during initial contact and increased knee flexion and posterior shank oscillation during propulsion (p < 0.05). Moreover, central fatigue increased to a greater extent the hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during initial contact and maximum absorption as well as stance time and propulsion time (p < 0.05). These results suggested that central fatigue causes greater increases in the range of movements during the midstance than peripheral fatigue.
Highlights
The popularity of running has been increasing over the last decade due to its benefits for health, accessibility, and low cost, becoming one of the most common ways to exercise [1]
The effect of fatigue was shown at the initial contact, maximum knee flexion, and toe-off phases, whereas peripheral or central fatigue did not modify the angular kinematics during the maximum oscillation phase
At the toe-off instant, knee flexion was increased by the effect of fatigue (p = 0.010) only in peripheral fatigue (95%CI = −2.415/−0.602◦, effect sizes (ES) = 1.036, p = 0.003)
Summary
The popularity of running has been increasing over the last decade due to its benefits for health, accessibility, and low cost, becoming one of the most common ways to exercise [1]. Despite health benefits, running-related injuries are inherent to the activity itself, with a high yearly incidence ranging from 19.4 to 79.3% [2]. Fatigue is an intrinsic process related to every physical activity, and it has been traditionally divided into peripheral and central fatigue, producing limitations at the spinal or supraspinal level and modifications at the muscular level, respectively [3,4]. While the effects of central fatigue have been widely investigated, few studies have analyzed the influence of peripheral fatigue on running biomechanics [9,13,14,15] There is little modest scientific evidence, unfatigued running allows the athletes to maintain the preferred movement path [5], but it becomes altered when running into fatigue by reducing the capacity of the muscles to control sagittal [6,7,8,9,10,11] and nonsagittal [12] plane joint movements, inducing kinetic and kinematics modifications during running [6,7,8,9,10,11].
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