Abstract
Retained stones following cholecystectomy or cholecystostomy is a significant problem which can now be managed by percutaneous basket extraction through the sinus tract formed by placement of a Ttube or cholecystostomy tube.1-3 Following the introduction of a steerable catheter (MediTech, Watertown, Mass.) into the existing sinus tract, the biliary tree is outlined with contrast material under fluoroscopic control, as baskets and accessories are passed to entrap and remove stones. The procedure has eliminated the need for surgical intervention with its attendant risks. The requirement of continuous fluoroscopic monitoring represents a potential hazard to those immediately involved. In addition, fluoroscopy is not specific in distinguishing other filling defects such as papillomata or air bubbles, and small stones may be missed because of inadequate resolution. These uncertainties and the potential health hazard are reduced with the percutaneous endoscopic technique for stone extraction. 8
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