Abstract
Metals are recognized as important factors related to breast cancer (BC) risk. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes might modify the toxicity of metals by influencing the distribution and metabolism of metal compounds. This study aims to investigate the modification effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HRR genes on the associations between urinary metals and BC risk. A total of 685 BC cases and 741 controls were recruited from October 2009 to December 2012. Twenty-one metals were analyzed in urine samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and three SNPs (LIG3 rs1052536, RFC1 rs6829064, and RAD54L rs17102086) were genotyped. We identified significant interactions between four metals and two SNPs on the risk of BC. For LIG3 rs1052536 C/T variant, participants with CT/TT genotypes exposed to higher cobalt (Co) levels had higher BC risk compared to those with CC genotype (Pinteraction = 0.048). For RAD54L rs17102086 T/C variant, participants with TT genotype who were exposed to higher levels of zinc (Zn), Co, arsenic (As), and strontium (Sr) had more pronounced BC risk than the CC/TC genotypes (all Pinteraction < 0.05). This study showed compelling evidence for the interaction between genetic variants within the HRR system and urinary metals on BC risk. Our findings highlight the need to consider genetic makeup when evaluating the carcinogenic or protective potential of metals.
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