Abstract
A simple and facile co-calcination strategy of Beta molecular sieves and cerous nitrate is proposed. Based on the results of XRD, UV–Vis, in-situ FTIR, and 29Si MAS NMR techniques, open-site configurations of Ce(III)O4 and Ce(IV)O4 tetrahedrons are observed due to a large ionic radius of Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions. Open-site configurations result in a low ratio of BrØnsted and Lewis acid sites in HBeta-Ce-6. In the isomerization of α-pinene, a higher amount of Lewis acid sites increases the yield for camphene. BrØnsted acids are accessible for α-pinene to form limonene due to a high surface area and low coke deposition. Isomorphous incorporation of Ce3+ occurs and a decreasing selectivity for limonene are observed using regenerated catalysts. These results indicate that co-calcination strategy protects Beta molecular sieves from thermal destruction, endows Beta molecular sieves with a higher relative crystallinity and porosity during calcination.
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