Abstract
BackgroundStudies have shown diverse strength of evidence for the associations between air pollutants and childhood asthma, but these associations have scarcely been documented in the early life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of various air pollutants on the development of asthma phenotypes in the first year of life.MethodsAdjusted odds ratios were estimated to assess the relationships between exposures to air pollutants and single and multi-dimensional asthma phenotypes in the first year of life in children of the EDEN mother-child cohort study (n = 1,765 mother-child pairs). The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to determine the associations between prenatal maternal smoking and in utero exposure to traffic-related air pollution and asthma phenotypes (data were collected when children were at birth, and at 4, 8 and 12 months of age). Adjusted Population Attributable Risk (aPAR) was estimated to measure the impacts of air pollutants on health outcomes.ResultsIn the first year of life, both single and multi-dimensional asthma phenotypes were positively related to heavy parental smoking, traffic-related air pollution and dampness, but negatively associated with contact with cats and domestic wood heating. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for traffic-related air pollution were the highest [1.71 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.08-2.72) for ever doctor-diagnosed asthma, 1.44 (95% CI: 1.05-1.99) for bronchiolitis with wheezing, 2.01 (95% CI: 1.23-3.30) for doctor-diagnosed asthma with a history of bronchiolitis]. The aPARs based on these aORs were 13.52%, 9.39%, and 17.78%, respectively. Results persisted for prenatal maternal smoking and in utero exposure to traffic-related air pollution, although statistically significant associations were observed only with the asthma phenotype of ever bronchiolitis.ConclusionsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, traffic-related air pollution in utero life and in the first year of life, had a greater impact on the development of asthma phenotypes compared to other factors.
Highlights
Studies have shown diverse strength of evidence for the associations between air pollutants and childhood asthma, but these associations have scarcely been documented in the early life
The aim of our study is to investigate the impacts of exposures to passive smoking, traffic-related air pollution, dampness, visible moulds, bleaching agents, house dust mites, pets and domestic heating on the development of asthma in the first year of life, which is a period of life when the lung is still developing
In order to study the relationships between the exposures, i.e., prenatal maternal smoking and in utero exposure to trafficrelated air pollution, and each health outcome in the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model, we introduced a variable of time and tested the statistical significance of the presence of interactions between this time variable (=1 if at the age of 4 months, =2 if at the age of 8 months, =3 if at the age of 12 months) and each exposure, adjusting for confounders
Summary
Studies have shown diverse strength of evidence for the associations between air pollutants and childhood asthma, but these associations have scarcely been documented in the early life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of various air pollutants on the development of asthma phenotypes in the first year of life. The strength of evidence for the associations between exposures to various air pollutants and the development of childhood asthma is diverse [8]. In contrast with initial findings [19], recent investigations, including birth cohort studies, have indicated a link between exposure to outdoor air pollution and subsequent asthma development [20,21,22]. Indoor air pollutants have been related to asthma [23], but there is a lack of longitudinal data in this respect
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