Modest improvement in CVD risk markers in older adults following quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) consumption: a randomized-controlled crossover study with a novel food product.

Abstract

To investigate the effect of consuming quinoa biscuits on markers of CVD risk over 4weeks in free-living older adults. A randomized-controlled, double-blind crossover trial was conducted in which consenting healthy adults aged 50-75years (n = 40) consumed 15g quinoa biscuits (60g quinoa flour/100g) or control iso-energetic biscuits (made using wheat flour) daily for 28 consecutive days (4weeks), in addition to their normal diet. Following a 6-week washout, participants consumed the alternate biscuit for a final 4weeks. Anthropometry and fasted blood samples were obtained before and after each intervention period. At the beginning of the trial, mean ± SD total cholesterol concentrations were 6.02 ± 1.22mmol/L (3.7-9.2mmol/L); 33 participants (82.5%) had high cholesterol (> 5mmol/L). No participants were lost to follow-up and there were no changes in habitual dietary intakes or levels of physical activity between each 4-week intervention period. Significantly greater decreases in total and LDL cholesterol concentrations (-0.30 ± 0.58 and -0.25 ± 0.38mmol/L, respectively), TC: HDL ratio (-0.11 ± 0.30), weight (-0.61 ± 0.89kg) and BMI (-0.22 ± 0.34kg/m2) were apparent following consumption of the quinoa versus control biscuits (all P < 0.05). Changes in triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, or PUFA or CRP concentrations were not significant between treatment groups. Consumption of novel quinoa biscuits produced small, but favorable changes in body weight, BMI, and circulating cholesterol concentrations, all of which may contribute to lowered CVD risk in older adults.