Abstract
Light propagates along optical fibres in form of normal modes. As long as fibres are uniform in axial direction, these modes follow as solutions of the eigenvalue problem which Maxwell’s equations together with the boundary conditions of the particular fibre represent. Such modes propagate independently from each other and transmit and distort signals according to their respective delay, dispersion and attenuation. Imperfections of the fibre couple its modes with each other and change its signal attenuation and transmission characteristics. When a randomly imperfect fibre guides many modes, the random coupling leads to a new set of statistical modes which again propagate independently from each other and describe the average power in each of the perfect fibre modes. Interaction between statistical modes occurs only at points along the fibre where the statistics of imperfections change such as at connectors or splices.
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