Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) along with the co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on soybean can contribute to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), allowing higher yields. Thus, this work aimed to study the technical and economic viability of soybean in the Cerrado, according to the mode of application of Co + Mo, and seed or leaf co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria-MS, in a no-tillage system in an Oxisol, arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments (seed application of two treatments with Co + Mo, with or without inoculation with A. brasilense, respectively; Foliar application of Co + Mo at soybean V3 stage; Foliar application of Co + Mo together with A. brasilense at V3 growth stage; Foliar application of A. brasilense at V3 growth stage; and the Control, consisting of only inoculation with Rhizobium), and four replicates. Seed application of Co + Mo associated with seed inoculation with A. brasilense promoted the highest leaf N content, hundred-grain weight, yield and profitability with the soybean crop.
Highlights
Due to the large nitrogen (N) requirement by the crops to achieve high yields, N2 fixation must function with maximum efficiency (Figueiredo et al, 2008; Vieira Neto et al, 2008; Zilli et al, 2008; Hungria et al, 2010; Rodrigues et al, 2012; Ignácio et al, 2015; Bulegon et al, 2016)
The N content was influenced by the treatments whose Co + Mo application associated with Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in the seeds and the foliar application of Co + Mo promoted higher content of the nutrient in comparison to the foliar application of A. brasilense and the non-application of Co + Mo and A. brasilense (Table 1)
This greater N absorption promoted by Co + Mo application associated with the inoculation of A. brasilense in the seed reflected in greater plant development and grain filling, which is evidenced by the higher value of hundredgrain weight and, increase in soybean grain yield in this treatment, in comparison to the foliar application of A. brasilense and the control without Co + Mo application and inoculation of A. brasilense (Table 1)
Summary
Due to the large nitrogen (N) requirement by the crops to achieve high yields, N2 fixation must function with maximum efficiency (Figueiredo et al, 2008; Vieira Neto et al, 2008; Zilli et al, 2008; Hungria et al, 2010; Rodrigues et al, 2012; Ignácio et al, 2015; Bulegon et al, 2016). Considering the main current and potential limitations of BNF in the soybean crop and the benefits attributed to the various crops by the inoculation with Azospirillum (free- living diazotrophic bacteria), especially the greater development of the root system and, higher absorption of water and nutrients (Galindo et al, 2016), it is deduced that, with the co-inoculation in microorganism, there may be improvements in the performance of the crops in an approach that respects the current demands for agricultural, economic, social and environmental sustainability (Hungria et al, 2013) It becomes necessary, in this context, to conduct studies that aim to increase BNF efficiency associating the mode of application of Co + Mo with the co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing better use of water and nutrients, without causing reduction in yield or quality of agricultural products. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of the soybean crop in the Cerrado, as a function of the mode of application of Co + Mo and its coinoculation in seeds or leaves with Azospirillum brasilense
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