Modernização, combate à pobreza e mercado de terras: Uma análise das políticas do Banco Mundial para agricultura e desenvolvimento rural (1944-2003)

João Márcio Mendes Pereira

doi:10.1590/0104-87752016000100010

João Márcio Mendes Pereira

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752016000100010

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Abstract

Resumo O artigo analisa a atuação do Banco Mundial (BM) em agricultura e desenvolvimento rural (ADR) desde a sua fundação até o ano de 2003, com ênfase para a sua dimensão política. Conclui que, a partir dos anos 1960, o BM cumpriu um papel relevante na formulação, articulação, indução e catalisação de políticas transnacionais e nacionais de ADR, contribuindo para alargar o espaço social de valorização do capital na agricultura e acelerar a mercantilização das terras rurais. Já as iniciativas voltadas para a redução da pobreza rural, praticadas de modo variável e irregular desde 1968, deixaram um legado de difícil mensuração e avaliação, sobretudo porque buscaram preservar - ao invés de combater - a concentração da propriedade da terra.

Highlights

The article analyzes the World Bank’s (WB) agriculture and rural development activities (ARD) from its foundation until 2003, with an emphasis on the political dimension
Having completed its 70th year of existence in 2014, the World Bank (WB) — originally created as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) — still has full operational capacity in all areas related to development
There exist differentiated forms and mechanisms of pressure used by the WB in accordance with circumstances, the actions of the organization historically occurred in the middle of a dense and growing network of relations involving national and international public, private, non-governmental, and business agents, who supported, adapted, negotiated, and disseminated the institution’s prescription

Summary

Introduction

The article analyzes the World Bank’s (WB) agriculture and rural development activities (ARD) from its foundation until 2003, with an emphasis on the political dimension. There exist differentiated forms and mechanisms of pressure used by the WB in accordance with circumstances, the actions of the organization historically occurred in the middle of a dense and growing network of relations involving national and international public, private, non-governmental, and business agents, who supported, adapted, negotiated, and disseminated the institution’s prescription In this asymmetric interaction the WB’s discourse and practices produced arguments and resources to reduce conflicts between. The WB always acted, albeit in different forms, in the interface between the political, economic, and intellectual fields on an international scale, in function of its singular condition as lender, policy formulator, and inductor of ideas and prescription about what to do in questions of development from an Anglo-Saxon perspective For this reason, the Bank is looked at as an intellectual, financial, and political actor (Pereira, 2010a)

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