Abstract

The inside cover page of this excellent book is the title page of the 1954-11-10 report by John W. Backus et al. on the IBM Mathematical Formula Translation System, a.k.a. FORTRAN (International Business Machines Cooperation 1954). The report itself is still a delight to read. FORTRAN was intended to save about half the cost of program development, eliminating much of coding and debugging, because it only required about 5–20% of the number of characters needed by “direct coding” in IBM 704 assembly language.

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