Modern Trends in Transplantation Using High‒Tech Methods

Abstract

Provides an overview of modern domestic and foreign literature, discuss the main and most relevant approaches to the solution of the accumulated problems of transplantation in the 21st century, when, as never before, the acute problem of shortage of donor organs and rejection during transplantation. One of the variants of their solution is the decellularization of the donor organ with subsequent decellularization acellular matrix (ECM) stem cells (SC) of the recipient. Another area, which in recent years very actively developing is bioprinting (3D the same results for bioprinting). For the first time encountered with this innovation, the very essence of creation on the computer using 3D modeling seems to be a history of science fiction, but this is a real example of how well-developed modern medical science. The above options give you the opportunity to solve the main question of transplantation – rejection of the transplanted organ, for patients undergoing surgery, transplantation, forced life to take immunosuppressive drugs that make a person defenseless against infectious agents and opportunistic viral infection. The article presents the main stages already achieved; the philosophy and development prospects of regenerative medicine; the difficulty faced by scientists in the search for suitable options to prevent the development of immune responses, as well as the use of different materials. The decellularization and bioprinting allow you to create the autograft that solves the problem of immune rejection of the transplanted organ. Defined a detailed description of each of the presented directions of development and provides an objective assessment of their effectiveness and possibility of application at this point in time. Examples of the use of the considered techniques, the advantages and disadvantages of each method.