Modern Trends and Prospects for the Development of Criminalistics Doctrine on the Personality of Participants in Criminal Proceedings

Abstract

The article is devoted to the criminalistics research of the personality of participants in criminal proceedings as a particular criminalistics theory. The stages of formation are analyzed, expediency, scientific viability and practical significance are substantiated. The author›s own point of view on the correlation of the scientific categories “criminalistics doctrine”, “criminalistics theory” is expressed, the names and essence of the foundations of criminalistics research of personality developed in science are analyzed. It has been established that its specificity lies in the subjects, goals and objectives of the study. Unlike criminological, criminal law and criminal procedural study of personality, criminalistics research is aimed at identifying personal properties, signs and conditions that characterize the subjects of criminal proceedings, expressed in the process of carrying out activities related to the commission of a crime, to address issues of identification and diagnostic nature. The results obtained are used to build criminalistics models of a crime, to put forward a sufficient number of substantiated criminalistics versions, as well as to develop techniques and combinations of tactical influence. The main trends in horizontal and vertical development of the criminalistics theory of personality are outlined. It is noted that the horizontal development of particular theory involves a criminalistics study of various categories of participants in criminal proceedings, traditionally limited to the off ender and the victim. It is indicated that the vertical direction of development of the criminalistics study of personality is aimed at the study of individual features, substructures and personality characteristics, among which at present the most popular are the study of the digital image and digital behavior, as well as the ethnic characteristics of the personality of participants in criminal proceedings. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a criminalistics doctrine about the personality of participants in criminal proceedings and the implementation of its results in practical activities to identify, investigate, disclose and prevent crimes.