Abstract
Process, ecological, economic, health, and safety requirements in steelmaking units. The change in these requirements with developing of current steel production. A negative effect of existing contradictory practice is the forming in prices for scrap, iron, electrical energy, and natural gas on general technological progress in steelmaking. Increasе in productivity is the most important direction in EAF development. Due to numerous innovations implemented during the last decades, hourly furnace productivity has been increased by 6 times, electrical energy consumption has been decreased by approximately 1.8 times, and electrode consumption reduced by 6 times. The following innovations are analyzed in detail: increase in power of EAF transformers up to 1.0 – 1.5 MVA/t; implementing the secondary ladle metallurgy; intensive oxygen and carbon injection into a bath; slag foaming; furnace operation with hot hill; single scrap charging; using hot metal; continuous charging and melting of scrap in the liquid bath, etc. Electrical circuit specifics of modern EAFs, optimum electrical mode of the heat, DC furnaces, and problems of electrical energy supply are discussed as well.
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